The Weekly Daf #15 
Bava Kama 86-92
Week of 10-16 Sivan 5754/20-26 May 1994
By Rabbi Mendel Weinbach, Dean, Ohr Somayach Institutions       
       
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This issue is dedicated in memory of J. Joshua Goldberg Zt'l
 
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A Blind Sage and a Bar Mitzvah

Who deserves greater credit?
-> One who fulfills G-d's commandments although he is not obligated.
-> One who does so when he is obligated.

A blind sage, Rabbi Yosef, had different ideas on this subject at various 
stages in his life.  At first he thought that someone who voluntarily 
fulfills a mitzvah deserves more credit.  He therefore looked forward to a 
decision being reached by the Sages to uphold the controversial opinion of 
Rabbi Yehuda that a blind man is exempt from the obligation to fulfill 
positive commands.  He even pledged to make a feast for the Torah scholars 
when such a decision should be forthcoming to celebrate his opportunity to 
fulfill so many commandments voluntarily.

But Rabbi Yosef had a change of heart when he heard the declaration of the 
great Rabbi Chanina that one who is obligated deserves more credit for 
fulfillment than his voluntary counterpart.  The former must contend with 
the anxiety and tension natural for one concerned whether he has properly 
fulfilled his obligation while the latter has the relaxed ability to 
comfort himself with the thought that he is exempt anyway.

Rabbi Yosef therefore pledged to make his aforementioned feast for Torah 
scholars if a decision were reached by the Sages to reject Rabbi Yehuda's 
opinion and to thus make him obligated and deserving of greater credit.
Bava Kama 87a

This principle is cited as a source for the celebration surrounding a 
youngster becoming a Bar Mitzvah, for it is at that point in his life that 
he is transformed from a child with no obligation -- only the chinuch 
training for the future which is imposed on his parents -- into a man with 
obligations and an opportunity to gain greater credit for each mitzvah.
 
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How Great Gratitude?

"Don't throw dirt into a well from whose water you have drunk."

This is a bit of folk wisdom regarding the importance of gratitude.  When 
the Sage Rabbah bar Mori was challenged by the Sage Rava to identify a 
scriptural source for this approach he referred him to the Torah's command 
(Devarim 23:8-9) to allow a third-generation Egyptian convert to Judaism to 
marry any Jew.  We are directed to not hold the Egyptian "in total 
abomination" (even though his ancestors at one stage cast Jewish male 
babies into the river) "because you were a stranger in his land" (your 
ancestors enjoyed their hospitality when Yacov and his family came there in 
a time of famine). 
Bava Kama 92b
 
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